which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

The somatic nervous system allows for voluntary movement by controlling the skeletal muscles and carries sensory information to the CNS. Which of the following is a reason for which little controlled research has been devoted to the effectiveness of existential therapy? 2.3.1.2. Their family and friends may disapprove of some of their actions but overall, respect and love them. They might go through reuptake, which is the process of the presynaptic neuron taking up excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space for future use or enzymatic degradation when enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space. a. guidelines. Masons parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is an example of behavior modification using: 2.2.3.2. A common example is Lithium; side effects include loss of coordination, hallucinations, seizures, and frequent urination. d. frustrating the client. What he discovered was the dogs would salivate even before the meat powder was presented. d. encourages individuals to share information with the group. c. gestalt. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. Transducers or receptor cells in the major organs of our five sensory systems vision (the eyes), hearing (the ears), smell (the nose), touch (the skin), and taste (the tongue) convert the physical energy that they detect or sense and send it to the brain via the neural impulse. Nikolais grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. How so? A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: 77. They also have not developed much in the way of theory, and the perspectives tend to work best with people suffering from adjustment issues and not as well with severe mental illness. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. We must try to convert what we see into action. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? b. good long-term prognoses. Conditioning is when learning occurs. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: a. challenging irrational cognitions. 2.3.2.1. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. 159. a. the humanistic-existential model b. the family-social perspective c. the cognitive model d. the psychodynamic model, 11. A family systems theorist might suggest that Robin comes from a(n) _____ family. a. Fritz Perls b. Joseph Wolpe c. Abraham Maslow d. Aaron Beck, 123. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A patient's initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The answer is yes and no, depending on whether we are talking about continuous or partial reinforcement. Though not neurons, glial cells play an important part in helping the nervous system to be the efficient machine that it is. A patient has loss of neurons in the cortex and the basal ganglia. Biological Treatments for Psychological Abnormalities Any reference to cognitive processes was dismissed as this was not overt, but covert according to Watson and later Skinner. 2.3.4.1. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: a. develop depression when under stress. 2.2.1.2. This represents the individual pairings of a feared object or situation and relaxation. This form of learning is called: According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. c. They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. They are open to experience, live every moment to the fullest, are creative, accepts responsibility for their decisions, do not derive their sense of self from others, strive to maximize their potential, and are self-actualized. Finally, psychoanalytic treatment is expensive and time consuming, and since Freuds time, drug therapies have become more popular and successful. Figure 2.9 shows that that are two main components that make up a reinforcement schedule when you will reinforce and what is being reinforced. d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. b. support the ideas of positive psychology. d. synapses. b. classic Freudian psychotherapy. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. b. a distorted view of the self. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. b. superego. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) was first proposed by George L. Engel and Jon Romano of the University of Rochester in 1977. Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. d. conditions of worth. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. Stimulants increase ones alertness and attention and are frequently used to treat ADHD. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . But did you ever go to your grandparents house and grandma or grandpaor worse, BOTHtook pity on you and let you play your video games (or something equivalent)? c. denial. However, critics cite obvious ethical issues with conducting such surgeries as well as scientific issues. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. d. hormone therapy. c. humanistic-existential d. fear. Continuous or partial? The cognitive model focuses on schemas, cognitive errors, attributions, and maladaptive cognitions and offers strategies such as CBT, cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance. There is no need to learn it again, as in the case of primary reinforcers and punishers in operant conditioning. c. Beck. d. displacement. 145. d. projection. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. Primary refers to reinforcers and punishers that have their effect without having to be learned. Ashley is a pole-vaulter ready to go for her event. This is called the absolute refractory period. 46. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? b. ethnographic studies. Infants tend to do things that feel good. b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. b. let their thoughts flow, without judgment. d. existential. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. The paradigms are sometimes in conflict. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? The neuron next moves into a relative refractory period, meaning it can fire but needs higher than normal levels of stimulation. bodily sensations. d. brain circuits. Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? Why is this important to a discussion of psychopathology? How so? All while doing this, we will identify areas of concern for psychologists focused on the treatment of mental disorders. It leads us to adopt our parents values as we come to realize that many of the ids impulses are unacceptable. Exemplify the effect of schemas on creating abnormal behavior. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on exploring relationships among a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Chapter Recap. What about your friend or acquaintance in the back? First, extinction is when something that we do, say, think/feel has not been reinforced for some time. Criticisms. Chances are you are already accepting the unknown in some areas of life and identifying these can help you to see why it is helpful in these areas, and how you can apply this in more difficult areas. 101. Which model of abnormality cites physical processes as being the key to behavior? Males have X and Y chromosomes while females have two Xs. Treatments related to the biological model include drugs, ECT, and psychosurgery. 64. d. past traumatic experiences. 93. Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. Once the electrical impulse has passed from one segment of the axon to the next, the neuron begins the process of resetting called repolarization. b. We should also note the existence of non-associative learning or when there is no linking of information or observing the actions of others around you. Individuals in this situation are unsure of what they feel, value, or need leading to dysfunction and the need for therapy. The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: a. clone a mammal. c. gestalt therapy. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. What happened to that bad behavior that had disappeared? Next, a fear hierarchy, or list of feared objects and situations, is constructed in which the individual moves from least to most feared. Ego-defense mechanisms are in place to protect us from this pain but are considered maladaptive if they are misused and become our primary way of dealing with stress. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? The force that is in control in this example is the: The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person's head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. If a mother seems excessively involved in her childs life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: a. externalized.

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