J. These coefficients can then by multiplied by the cost of the purchase of interest to get the respective total flow or impact associated with that cost in purchasers price. The direct+indirect impacts are calculated like in Eq. 58% of the value of the original waste sector is allocated to the intersection of Hazardous waste treatment and disposal with itself, while the Hazardous waste treatment and disposal column contains 89% of the total value of the intersection disaggregation. It is widely used by EPA program offices and other government agencies, corporations, nonprofits, nongovernmental organizations, and academia for applications such as calculating carbon footprints and environmental assessments. Many organizations quantify greenhouse emissions in their value chain. The largest visible change in GHG intensity was seen in the electricity sector, with a nearly 2kg CO2e/$ decrease. Chemical releases to air are sourced from 2017 reported emissions data from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI)28 and Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)29. Due to shifts in the oil and gas industry towards increased natural gas extraction, the 2002 water withdrawal coefficients likely do not reflect 2015 water withdrawals for mining industries. Comparing rankings may also be used as another form of model validation that incorporates the demand vectors and the indicators as well as the model result matrices. Generally, NAICS codes are published by the Census Bureau at five levels of detail: 2- to 6-digit, but such hierarchy is not fully disclosed in the table for each BEA-NAICS correspondence, which makes the correspondence incomplete. For SMOG, decreases are also apparent in agricultural sectors and many manufacturing sectors where decreases in impact intensity for Wood pulp, Paints and Cement stand out. FLOWSA v1.0.1. General Information. For example, the 2014 QCEW estimates 279 thousand private household employees, while the National Employment Matrix estimates 821 thousand employees. In Water_national_2015_m1, these water withdrawal categories are attributed to sectors using additional data sources for allocation, when necessary. These factors were prepared using USEEIO models, which are a life cycle models of goods and services in the US economy. The USEEIO dataset that comes with Net Zero Cloud is from an analysis performed in the year 2012. Industrial water withdrawals in v1.1 were calculated by scaling Canadian water withdrawals for manufacturing by US GDP. flowsa v1.0.126 was used for preparation of all original environmental inputs. The employment sector attribution model is created by importing and formatting the 2017 BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) table58. Increase in particulate matter emissions for livestock production. USEEIO v2.0 is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footprinting, national prioritization, and related applications. 4, 5. An official website of the United States government. We examine these differences by indicator in a series of grouped charts comparing v2.0 and v1.2 impact coefficients (N matrix) by sector and indicator67. Depending on the table resolution, these categories are further divided into one or more subcategories. However, changes in the Make Transactions have resulted in a substantial increase in the quantity assigned to the Corn products commodity; Other basic organic chemicals, which is one of the largest generators of CRHW, supplies a significantly higher share of Corn products in the make transactions, increasing from approximately 4% of total commodity output in 2007 to 37% in 2012. The columns can later be modified with assumptions for individual commodity expenditures by the disaggregated waste management sectors as additional data is found. direct emissions, waste generation, or resource use). https://www.census.gov/naics/ (U.S. Census Bureau, 2022). EIA manufacturing land area is considered part of the urban land total rather than a stand-alone industrial area category. We use three kinds of cookies on our websites: required, functional, and advertising. Results are presented in Fig. The environmental data inputs for an EEIO model are national totals of flows (physical movements of specific resources, emissions or employment) by industries. These factors are intended for quantifying emissions from purchased goods and services using the spend-based method defined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions. US Territories and Tribal Lands are not included. The waste sector disaggregation procedure required the definition of an additional set of configuration files that provide instructions for this disaggregation procedure. ~75% of these emissions stem from upstream activities . Bigelow, D. & Borchers, A. A similar effect can be seen in the increase in ETOX for Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes which is also driven by pesticides, where.lambda.-Cyhalothrin, Chlorothalonil, and Cyfluthrin contribute 27%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, to this impact. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. Ranking sectors based a composite score of selected total impacts associated with total US demand is used as a means of prioritization in the SMM Prioritization Tools. Using research and expertise from staff to guide us, we are committed to improving WRI's environmental performance. The report notes: This deeper analysis uses details contained within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model to highlight specific activities that occur within the supply chain of the goods and services procured by the County that drive the bulk of the impacts and to identify those impacts that are generated locally (e.g., particulate matter emissions from local vendor fleet operations). Report No. Correspondence to EEIO can be a powerful tool for analysing the relation between economic and environmental flows. 25 is substituted for L and yd Eq. Emission factors should at a minimum include emissions from fuel combustion, and should, where possible, include cradle-to-gate emissions of the fuel (i.e., from extraction, processing, and transportation to the point of use). The composite score for the rankings are calculated as a sum of fractions of sector impact relative to total impact across all sectors by each selected indicator, and then this fraction for a sector was summed across all indicators. Data are assigned to sectors based on facility-reported NAICS. For the disaggregation procedure, we assume that each disaggregated industry only produces its own disaggregated commodity; in other words, there is no off-diagonal production of waste management services in the intersection. N is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct and indirect impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. the Use table rows), the value of the receipts received by each disaggregated waste management sector by each Economic Census customer class was divided by total value spent by that customer class on Waste management and remediation services. General Motors Carbon Disclosure To derive Rest of World region results, the difference between any full result calculation and the domestic calculation can be taken, as in Eq. To fully meet GHG Protocol standards, an organization must report emissions from all relevant scope 3 categories. In some . Sci. Emissions Factors 2021 - Data product - IEA U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524314 (2021). This data is more complete than the flows reported by hazardous waste shippers, and so is preferred for the waste disaggregation. Econ. As v1.2 represents the most recently previously peer-reviewed and published USEEIO model, but was built with a different set of data inputs and a different software procedure, comparing v2.0 results against v1.2 is a relevant means of performing model validation. State and local government other services (GSLO): the 562000 commodity produced by this sector is split between the Solid waste collection, Solid waste landfill, Solid waste combustors and incinerators, and Material separation/recovery sectors (562111, 562212, 562213, and 562920). It is worth noting that the Imports and Exports IO sectors (F00500 and F00400) are not classified as any customer class in the Economic Census, but are allocated as Business firms and farms for disaggregation purposes. PubMed Name of source. Read more in their annualcarbon disclosurereport. Other agricultural commodities show the inverse change in v2.0, where the agricultural output in v2.0 is higher and thus the pesticide release and related impact intensities are lower. Waste management and remediation services fell out of the top 20 due to the disaggregation of the waste sectors in v2.0. The accuracy of the impact proportion depending on the validity of the assumption that domestic impact intensities are equivalent to foreign impact intensities, which is not likely valid in all cases. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. The Scope 3 Standard presents details on all scope 3 categories and requirements and guidance on reporting scope 3 emissions. Carbon intensity of electricity production (CO2 or CO2e per unit electricity). Article The USDA CoA state data was summed with the allocated MLU remainder land for total grazing land by animal. Report No. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524317 (2021). conceptualized USEEIO v2.0, led the methodological development for model building and validation, contributed to useeior and flowsa software, supervised the team, administered the project, and led writing the manuscript. The Make table is an industry x commodity matrix with USD annual output of commodity i produced per industry j in USD; the Use table is commodity x industry matrix with amount of commodity i, in USD, used to by industry j to provide a good or service. The change in crop categorization coupled with differences in survey responses resulted in changes in industry impact intensity. Provider. The columns of the A or L matrices show the pure economic direct or total requirements for a commodity, which may be used for supply chain mapping or for economic impact analysis. Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Pollutant Loading Tool. Agricultural chemical use survey. 2010 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. 2 shows that domestic impacts are indeed a proportion of total impacts, with proportions varying by indicator, due to the degree of requirements being met by processes driving the respective impacts. EPA Home Science Inventory Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. Waste commodity consumption is concentrated within a few sectors, with 55% of the commodity consumed by the top five sectors. 23 is used for y. Many environmental and employment data sources are available to characterize US industries at the needed level of detail for more recent years. Then calculate electricity emissions using emission factors in the EF Hub. Please click here to see any active alerts. The M or N coefficient matrices may be used for estimating direct plus indirect (supply chain) impacts or embodied carbon, energy, land or water associated with purchases. U.S. Energy Information Administration https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/archive/xls/f923_2014.zip (2014). The industries in the E columns match the industries in x. A summary of life cycle impact assessment results from v2.0 for 2012 total US production and consumption are presented in Table8. The general equation for emissions estimation is: E = A x EF x (1-ER/100) where: E = emissions; A = activity rate; The values in P are commodity-specific deflation ratios where a value of Pc,y is a ratio of model USD:year y USD for commodity c. Values in P are prepared with Eq. Scope 3 emissions, also referred to as value chain emissions, often represent the majority of an organizations total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reduction in emissions for ozone depletion potential for manufacturing sectors. 2-6 digit 2012 NAICS Code File. USEEIO. Stat. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1503688 (2019). Domestic food supply chains freshwater use over time. 2014 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). 12:15-12:30. Emission Factor Database Last modified 23 Nov 2020 1 min read This viewer presents selected emission factors and abatement efficiencies included in the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019. Environ. This level of aggregation prevents targeted analysis of various waste handling activities, such as material recovery (recycling). Service Annual Survey Historical Data (NAICS-basis): 2015. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2015/econ/services/sas-naics.html (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). An environmentally extended global multi-regional input - Springer Additionally, the use of Electricity and Truck transport by agricultural sectors are the greatest contributors to SMOG from non-agricultural sectors. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Scope 3: Purchasing Data Entry | SIMAP 1a, Electricity followed by Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains remain in the top two places, but Cattle ranches and feedlots has moved into the third place. ADS https://echo.epa.gov/trends/loading-tool/water-pollution-search (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2018). Major uses of land in the united states 2012. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/84880/eib-178.pdf?v=6791.3 (US Department of Agriculture, 2017). The validation results show that the model passes the check shown in Eq. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. In v1 models, a base economic year of 2013 different than the IO year of the economic data was used. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 4, EI is a emission x industry matrix of national totals of each flow by industry sector in year y, and xz,y is a vector of gross output by industry in year z, given in year y dollars. The Use table rows represent the use of commodities by the industries in the IO table. How are emission factors developed? Corn products shows a substantial increase in total CRHW relative to similar sectors. These include all the types of resource use and environmental releases/losses from v1.15 plus the three additional waste generation datasets created for v1.27,8. Census of agriculture 2017. Basic Information of Air Emissions Factors and Quantification 19. Net public supply is calculated by subtracting public supply deliveries to domestic to avoid double counting, then assigned to NAICS 221310. In order to perform this calculation, the purchase has to be associated with a corresponding commodity in USEEIO. In v1.2, national land use by animal type were calculated by importing and summing state level data for land in farms from USDA CoA. Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and other crops fell 14 places, apparently to decreased water consumption. In some cases, an emissions estimate may be necessary to determine if the category is relevant based on size. USEEIO v2.0 was built in useeior v1.0.061. developed the methodology and software programming in flowsa for the air, water and soil releases, integrated environmental data and indicators in useeior, and wrote the associated sections of the manuscript. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/ (2016). If the index price is assumed to be equal to the sum of the inputs, then that index price is ~1. These calculations of total flows or impacts associated with a given final demand are equivalent to life cycle inventory (LCI), denoted as G, and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) result, denoted as H, in the field of life cycle assessment17. The values in v2.0 resulting from Eq. The model is validated through reproduction of national totals from input data sources and through analysis of changes from the most recent complete USEEIO model that can be explained based on data updates or method changes. To obtain Sci Data 9, 194 (2022). The final perspective associates the totals with the final consumption sectors that drove that impact. In v2.0, these land use categories are allocated to sectors using BLS employment data43. & Ingwersen, W. National land occupation totals by industry 2012 v1.1. As described in the Splitting Impacts section, in v2.0, impacts can be split between those originating in the US vs. the rest of the world. Additionally, to support the use of the FEDEFL for the new environmental data, flows used in the indicators also were updated to correspond to the FEDEFL. Estimating industry land use with the MLU as the primary data source is an update from v1.2, where land use was calculated by summing USDA CoA, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Public Land Statistics (PLS), EIA Commercial (CBECS), and EIA Manufacturing (MECS) land use with the MLUs statistics for forest land, transportation, national defense, and grazing land38,39,40,41,42. Truck transportation, Water transportation, Rail transportation are commodities in set m for transportation). Industrial and Mining water withdrawals are proportionally allocated using BLS QCEW employment data47. Licensing. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. New procedures for preparing and integrating these datasets into the model are described in the Procedure for Model Building section. 15, 18. The Recycling Economic Information (REI) Report, a primary output of the Recycling Economic Information (REI) Projectrelieson environmental and economic input-output methodologies for estimating environmental and economic impacts associated with recycling. More organizations are reaching into their value chains to understand the full GHG impact of their operations. Water data for the nation 2015. https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). To do so, the following approach was taken: When the underlying data for specific flows is available at the six digit NAICS level, the flow is mapped to the corresponding disaggregated sector codes as indicated in Table6. http://edap-data-commons.s3.amazonaws.com/data_commons_search.html (2021). It is the best value for money option. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). The commands for building v2.0 with useeior v1.0.0 along with the results of the validation procedure are shown in a model building and validation document65. PDF Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories SMOG impacts are driven by emissions of NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The USEEIO v2.0.1411 dataset is the primary data record, and includes the waste disaggregation data inputs, model components, result matrices, price adjustment matrices, and demand vectors, along with supporting metadata including sector, flow and indicator descriptions. These datasets are more current than the IO data, and more closely represent current environmental performance. Reviewed and released models are listed on the model technical content webpage . EPA researchers have partnered with the Georgia Department of Economic Development to work with volunteer software developers and designers to build web applications using the Georgia version of USEEIO for local communities looking to advance economic development in ways that spark both prosperity and environmental sustainability.
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